Thursday, 18 February 2016

“The Shark Lab” Way, by Alex McInturf - 18th February 2016


For my entire, landlocked childhood, I’ve wanted to become a shark biologist. The draw to these organisms is obvious. As renowned sociobiologist E.O. Wilson once stated: “We are not afraid of predators, we’re transfixed by them, prone to weave stories and fables and chatter endlessly about them, because fascination creates preparedness, and preparedness, survival. In a deeply tribal way, we love our monsters…” What I can’t quite explain, however, is the persistence of my obsession; but then, I’ve found that few can. 

There often comes a point in one’s life that this dream seems unrealistic, a realization provoked by the reality of a scientist’s struggling salary, the competitiveness of this field, or even a growing fear of the animal itself. For those who irrationally persist to follow our passion, the path is significantly less glamorous than that portrayed on a typical “Shark Week” episode. If I had some vague notion of this before I arrived at the Bimini Shark Lab, my experience here has certainly cemented my belief that shark science produces a rare breed of individual. We come from all over the world, united by one single purpose: the pursuit of knowledge of the greatest predators in existence. We are unique in our interests, our background, our lifestyle and culture, but collectively we are willing to sacrifice nearly everything for this goal.

Since my arrival at the lab, we’ve been plagued by nearly every obstacle known to research. We’ve suffered from the torrential downpours of winter, rendering visibility nearly nonexistent and producing gusts of over thirty miles per hour, with swells four to five feet high. I’ve spent days fixing gillnets and laying out longlines, or fixing gangions and entering data. Among those for whom the dream of shark science is a passing phase, these tasks likely seem mundane. For the staff and volunteers here, however, perspective is key. How can we sample the abundant juvenile lemon shark population if the gillnet is torn? How can we capture thirteen tiger sharks in a single longline set if we fear for the strength of the line or the security of the gangions? Where would the significance of our work rest if not in the data that it produces?

That is not to say that there isn’t some shred of truth in the initial draw to this type of research. Since my arrival, I’ve been diving over giant coral heads, surrounded by schools of bright yellow fish. I’ve snorkeled through mangroves, admiring submerged spider webs floating gently in the current as I searched for juvenile nurse sharks. I’ve seen a laser photogrammetry session with four giant hammerheads, the green light of the lasers clearly bouncing off of dermal denticles several meters below the surface of the water. Then there are the more poignant moments, those almost surreal. In one such instance, we were out on the boat on a longline check, watching the sun rise in a pink sky, the water turning from dark purple to patterns of royal blue and turquoise in the morning light. It was almost inevitable that the sea produced something extraordinary. Indeed, in a picture perfect sequence, a giant tail thrashed in the air a short distance from the boat and a dark shape emerged on the line only minutes after the set. I would challenge the most objective audience to witness a 3.7 meter tiger shark with anything less than sheer reverence.

Only at the Bimini Shark Lab is this experience even remotely possible. At every level, from the most basic day-to-day activity to the complicated data analysis and profound scientific discussion, we all benefit from an unusual combination of collaboration and independence. We are self-sufficient as individuals but work together as a unit to yield the broadest foundation of understanding that the biodiversity on this island allows us to produce. There is truly no other place with such an extensive history of research, and I have no doubt as to the legacy that the lab has yet to create.


Freediving with sharks, Image © Ches Revell

Tuesday, 9 February 2016

Evolution of a Sharklabber by Chris Bolte, 9th Febraury 2016




Evolution of a Sharklabber


© Chris Bolte 2016


Trust is the word that comes to mind.

Almost everything about the situation is normal. I have a scuba tank on my back, one hand pressed over my mask and regulator while my other hand grips my weight belt. I have my eyes on our boat captain, waiting for the captain to give me the signal to tip backwards off the gunwale into the crystal blue water of Tiger Beach, a dive site 20 miles off the coast of Grand Bahama. As air gently rasps through my regulator, I’m a little bit surprised how calm I feel, given the circumstances. After all, there are about 20 adult lemon sharks circling at the surface, not to mention the sharks that are lurking below.

I first came to the Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, a facility specializing in elasmobranch research in October of 2014 as a green volunteer. In the following months I was introduced to various research techniques, ranging from tracking sharks using acoustic receivers to capturing them with modified fishing techniques and collecting all types of data from them. Following my time as a volunteer, I was offered a position as an assistant manager, a position that I eagerly accepted.

All volunteers undergo training so that they are comfortable using GPS, tying knots, piloting our small boats, along with other Sharklab necessities. Among the most exciting of these classes is shark handling, where you venture out to semi-captive pens with the other volunteers to learn how to safely handle juvenile lemon sharks. For a new volunteer, stepping into a pen with 6 sharks seems like less than stellar idea, though volunteers quickly learn that the only interest that these sharks have in people is actively avoiding them. The sharks are not aggressive and pose almost no risk of delivering an unprovoked bite.
© Chris Bolte 2016
© Chris Bolte 2016

Perched on the side of the boat, I focus on this very experience. Though the sharks that are circling me are same species as the sharks in the pen, instead of being 60 centimeters, these sharks are closer to 250 centimeters. Alarmingly, these sharks are on the small end of the spectrum for what we are anticipating. Nonetheless, I remember how little the baby lemon sharks were interested in me, and hope that sort of behavior continues to be exhibited well into maturity.

The captain nods his head to me, and I tip backwards off the boat. The sensation that I feel in those minutes of anticipation followed by a quarter second of falling is more than just that, more than an anticipatory period. It is a moment that represents a year of immersion in a world of water, science, and sharks. A feeling of serenity, a void that formerly would have been occupied by fear and agitation.

Unsurprising, the first thing that I notice as I plunge into the water is exactly what you would expect. Sharks, so numerous that they take up more of my field of vision than the water does. They jostle and bump each other to get out of my way as I immediately begin to descend.

As I sink towards the bottom, the water begins to take a more sinister appearance. The lemon sharks milling about the surface are replaced by dark blue water, and as my knees touch the sand, the sharks that we have come all this way to see begin to arrive. They emerge from the water, slowly, confidently. Unmistakable in their appearance, with black vertical blotches punctuating their flanks, the tiger sharks approach us. They look small at first, approaching us from the sea grass. As they get closer and closer, the sheer magnitude of this predator becomes evident.  The largest of the three is probably about 15 feet long, thicker around than an oak barrel. Black eyes gaze at you, seemingly apathetic as these gigantic sharks make easy passes past us, circling. They are nothing short of gorgeous, their species easily ranking among the most impressive predators in the world.
© Chris Bolte 2016

It seems a culmination of my experiences at the Sharklab, a test of whether or not I have gained some measure of composure interacting with these creatures. Except for the size discrepancy, it’s an experience remarkably similar to those first few days with the baby lemon sharks. Trusting that the sharks are going to go about their business while I sit in silent awe. Unsurprisingly the tigers continue to cruise around, exhibiting nothing more than a passing interest in me and the other divers, never threatening. Though I always remain cautious, I feel like the trust that I had given to these predators is well placed.

I only wish that they could say the same of us.



Words and images by Chris Bolte.  

Saturday, 6 February 2016

Haulin’ by Alex McInturf, 5th February 2016


My life has become “The Deadliest Catch”. This thought was surprisingly poignant in the wordless blur of pure instinct that took over my brain. I was staring out at a scene mirroring the Discovery Channel television show that mesmerized me back before I truly understood what it meant to be hauling lines in massive waves and torrential rain that seemed quite intent on teaming up to sink our research vessel. Of course, I was being dramatic – relatively speaking, the open Alaskan seas experience far worse conditions than I could even imagine. I almost chuckled to myself at the comparison, but was immediately thrown into a seated position by an unexpected wave, effectively ending any romanticized view of the present reality. Small as they may be, two-meter swells are significant when your boat is only twenty-feet long and your personnel expects to be operating in relatively calm Bahamian waters. We don’t often endure fieldwork in such poor weather, as the winds eliminate sufficient water visibility. Then again, I’m not quite sure we anticipating what would happen this morning.  
            My alarm went off at around 06:00, and after filling a quick mug with tea (the prospect of tea time, in retrospect, seems laughable), we left the dock at 06:30 sharp for a longline haul at the aptly-named Tiger Grounds. I’ve been spoiled thus far in my time here. The last time we set the lines in this area, we caught a total of 13 tiger sharks, one of which was a massive pregnant female with a 3.7-meter total length. February wasn’t treating us quite as well, unfortunately, as we had only found two small tigers in twenty-four hours. We weren’t expecting much better during this final check, and indeed ultimately found only one small juvenile, barely one-meter long. We performed our standard work-up as the sun rose in a sky that was an appalling shade of red, a fact I pointed out to fellow volunteer Jo: “Red sky in the morning, sailors take warning!” I joked as I put on my sunglasses to see through the glare into the water. All humor aside, we couldn’t quite ignore the massive wall of grey behind us, a series of very distinguishable rolling clouds. As we began to haul in the first longline, the scene was threateningly beautiful – a blood-orange sunrise splitting the sky with the contrasting storm, the water glowing turquoise underneath. Perhaps due to our naïve faith in the weather forecast, we weren’t quite as efficient as we probably should have been as we leisurely pulled and coiled, chatting and joking, ironically enough, about the weather; joking, that is, until it hit. 
            We felt the first raindrops as we began the second line haul. “Alright, guys, let’s try to pick up the urgency a little bit,” instructed Chris, our skipper. As the lab’s resident “longline guy”, Matt reached to take the lead on the line. Then the first raindrops struck our faces. Rain wasn’t an issue, and because we scientists like to picture ourselves the very embodiment of toughness in the face of such adversity, we pressed on. As if to mock our lack of respect, the wind escalated from two to twenty knots in approximately thirty seconds, and the light rain became a sheer force of sleet. The white caps began slamming into our hull, washing over the bow and threatening to knock us off of our feet as we simultaneously tried to re-establish the laws of gravity in the waves that lifted our boat. Chatter transformed quickly to commands and urgent calls as we painstakingly made our way through the second line. With the last buoy pulled onboard, a call came through the static of the radio: “Hey, longline crew. We are just taking a look at the forecast here at the lab….” We didn’t even let it finish before we started laughing. We didn’t need a forecast – we were living it. And we still had three more longlines to go. 
            The next two hours were a hard lesson on the role of focus in seafaring; focus on balance using all necessary parts of the body, focus on coiling ever quicker, focus on bailing and bilging and balancing to prevent our boat from sinking. By the time we hauled in our last line, we were thoroughly soaked, battered, and bruised, and personally, I was fairly certain I had pulled a hamstring. What’s more, we were also vision-impaired - the clouds blocked our view of the island, and the rain attacked our eyes with such vigor that I was convinced Chris would go blind as he tried to search for the impossibly small channel markers that lined our route home. It wasn’t until we arrived in the shelter of our back bay that the characteristic humor of the Shark Lab began to re-emerge as the chill of wind and rain sunk into our bodies. Teeth chattering, Matt commented dryly: “This is one of those hauls that make you happy to just get home…glad we didn’t die.” And as the rest of the lab, considerably less haggard-looking, arrived on the dock to unload our water-logged gear, we whooped in celebration of our survival.